Pumpkin

Start seeds indoors 3, 4 weeks before your last spring frost in warm soil (70, 80°F). Gourd seeds are large and may benefit from scarification or soaking overnight to improve germination. Sow 1/2 inch deep in peat pots to minimize transplant shock.

Transplant seedlings outdoors after the last frost date when soil has warmed to at least 60°F and all danger of cold is past. Harden off plants over 7, 10 days. Space transplants 2 inches apart with 12 inches between rows.

Direct sow seeds outdoors 1/2 inch deep after soil temperature reaches 60°F and frost danger has passed. Sow seeds 2 inches apart; thin seedlings as they emerge if densely planted. Direct seeding often produces stronger, more vigorous vines.

For eating, harvest gourds when they are 6, 8 inches long while the skin remains tender and can be pierced with a fingernail; this typically occurs 50, 69 days after planting. For decorative gourds, leave fruits on the vine until fully mature and the shell hardens completely, becoming difficult to scratch, this may take 100+ days. Cut gourds from the vine with a sharp knife, leaving a short stem attached. Cure harvested decorative gourds in a warm, dry, well-ventilated space for 2, 4 weeks before using or storing.

Gourds are vigorous vines and benefit from guiding growth along a trellis or arbor rather than traditional pruning. Redirect wayward shoots onto support structures as they emerge. Pinching back the main growing tip early in the season can encourage branching and fuller plant structure, though it may delay flowering slightly. Avoid heavy pruning once flowering begins, as this can reduce fruit set.