Fusarium oxysporum
Soilborne fungal disease that blocks water-conducting vessels, causing wilting and plant death. Persists in soil for many years.
Yellowing and wilting of lower leaves, often on one side of plant first. Brown discoloration of vascular tissue when stem is cut. Plant death.
Soilborne fungus with many host-specific forms (formae speciales). Enters through roots and colonizes vascular system.
Contaminated soil, infected transplants, tools, and water. Persists in soil for 10+ years. Spread by movement of infested soil.
Warm soil temperatures (75-85°F), acidic soil, root damage from nematodes or cultivation, stressed plants.
Plant resistant varieties (look for 'F' designation). Rotate crops 5-7 years. Avoid root damage. Maintain soil pH 6.5-7.0. Control nematodes.