Limonius spp., Agriotes spp.
Soil-dwelling larvae of click beetles that feed on seeds, roots, and tubers. Can persist in soil for 2-6 years. Particularly damaging to root crops.
Larvae are hard, shiny, wire-like worms, 1/2 to 1.5 inches, yellow to brown. Adults are click beetles that flip themselves over with a clicking sound.
Failed seed germination. Tunnels in potatoes, carrots, and other root crops. Wilting seedlings. Damaged roots. Reduced stands.
2-6 year life cycle depending on species. Larvae feed in soil for multiple years before pupating. Adults emerge, mate, and lay eggs in soil.
Avoid planting root crops in newly broken sod for 2-3 years. Rotate crops. Fall tillage exposes larvae to predators and cold. Remove crop debris.