Liriomyza spp.
Small fly larvae that tunnel between leaf surfaces, creating distinctive winding trails. Multiple species affect different crops.
Damage appears as white or tan serpentine trails in leaves. Larvae are tiny pale maggots visible inside tunnels. Adults are small black and yellow flies.
Winding white or tan tunnels in leaves. Blotchy mines in severe cases. Reduced photosynthesis. Cosmetic damage to leafy greens. Leaf drop in severe infestations.
Multiple generations per year. Adults puncture leaves to feed and lay eggs. Larvae mine for 1-2 weeks, drop to soil to pupate. Complete cycle in 2-4 weeks.
Floating row covers. Remove crop debris. Avoid over-fertilizing with nitrogen. Inspect transplants before planting. Rotate crops.