Meloidogyne spp.
Microscopic roundworms that infect plant roots, causing characteristic galls or knots. Reduce plant vigor and yield. Persist in soil for years.
Cannot see nematodes without microscope. Diagnosis by root symptoms: swollen galls or knots on roots. Stunted, yellowing plants despite adequate water and fertilizer.
Galls or knots on roots. Stunted growth. Yellowing leaves. Wilting in heat. Poor yield. Plants fail to respond to fertilizer. Secondary root rot.
Multiple generations per year. Eggs hatch in soil, juveniles enter roots, females become sedentary and produce eggs. Complete cycle in 3-6 weeks in warm soil.
Use certified nematode-free transplants. Rotate crops 3-4 years. Remove and destroy infected roots. Plant resistant varieties when available.