Phyllotreta spp., Epitrix spp.
Small jumping beetles that create distinctive 'shot-hole' damage on leaves. Particularly damaging to seedlings and young transplants.
Tiny (1/16 to 1/8 inch) beetles that jump when disturbed. Various species are black, bronze, or striped. Larvae are small white grubs.
Numerous small round holes in leaves ('shot-hole' appearance). Pitted or scarred leaves. Stunted or killed seedlings. Reduced vigor in mature plants.
1-4 generations per year. Adults overwinter in soil and debris, emerge in early spring. Eggs laid in soil, larvae feed on roots.
Remove crop debris in fall. Till soil to expose overwintering adults. Use transplants instead of direct seeding. Trap crops of radish or mustard.